Videos A to Z

• Bonding: Carbon atom

  
  • 3-5
  • 6-8
  • 9-12

  A carbon atom has 6 protons, 6 neutrons, and 6 electrons.  » more info

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• Bonding: Chemical bonding

  
  • 3-5
  • 6-8
  • 9-12

  Atoms bond in ways that make their outermost energy levels complete with electrons, which stabilizes atoms.  » more info

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• Bonding: Chemical compound

  
  • 3-5
  • 6-8
  • 9-12

  A chemical compound is made up of two or more elements that are chemically combined or bonded. The combining of atoms to form new substances is called chemical bonding.  » more info

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• Bonding: Covalent bond video clip

  
  • 3-5
  • 6-8
  • 9-12

  In covalent bonds, electrons are shared between two different atoms. Atoms are held together by the force of attraction between the positively charged nucleus and the shared electrons.  » more info

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• Bonding: Crystal lattice video clip

  
  • 3-5
  • 6-8
  • 9-12

  Many ionic compounds form a regular repeating pattern called a crystal lattice. Salt crystals have a crystal lattice that forms a cubic shape.  » more info

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• Bonding: Energy levels

  
  • 3-5
  • 6-8
  • 9-12

  Niels Bohr discovered that electrons are arranged in energy levels. Each energy level can hold certain numbers of electrons. The first can hold 2, the second can hold up to 8, and the 3rd can hold up…  » more info

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• Bonding: Examples of atoms

  
  • 3-5
  • 6-8
  • 9-12

  An atom is the smallest part of an element that still has all the properties of that element. Each different element is made up of a different kind of atom.  » more info

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• Bonding: Hydrogen and chlorine bond

  
  • 3-5
  • 6-8
  • 9-12

  Hydrogen has a covalent bond with chlorine, which has seven electrons in its outermost energy level. When they bond, both outer energy levels become complete.  » more info

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• Bonding: Ion

  
  • 3-5
  • 6-8
  • 9-12

  An ion is a charged atom that has gained or lost electrons.  » more info

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• Bonding: Ionic bond

  
  • 3-5
  • 6-8
  • 9-12

  In ionic bonding, oppositely charged ions are attracted to each other. In this animation, the sodium atom has one electron in its outermost level and the chlorine atom has seven electrons in its outermost…  » more info

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